There's a whole different vocabulary in the field of philosophy. Here are a few of the words I'm sure I'll be casually using now that I've read The Philosophers.
epistemology - the study or theory of the origin, nature, methods, and limits of knowledge
teleology - 1. the study of final causes. 2. the factor or quality of being directed toward a definite end or of having an ultimate purpose, esp. as attributed to natural processes...4. Ethics. the evaluation of conduct, as in utilitarianism, in relatioin to the end or ends it serves
metaphysics - 1. the branch of philosophy that deals with first principles and seeks to explain the nature of being or reality and of the origin and structure of the world 2. speculative philosophy in general 3. the theory or principles (of some branch of knowledge) 4. popularly, any very subtle or difficult reasoning
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